Foot Health Glossary

Ingrown toenail

Unguis incarnatus
Medically reviewed · Hottinger Podologie, ZurichUpdated: July 2026

An ingrown toenail develops when the nail edge, usually on the big toe, grows into the lateral nail fold. The tissue reddens, swells and hurts with every step; left untreated, the area can become infected and form excess granulation tissue.

Plate · Ingrown toenail © HOTTINGER PODOLOGIE Nail plate Nail fold Ingrown edge with inflammation Toe cross-section Orthonyxia brace, gently lifts the nail edges Correction without surgery
Left: the nail edge presses into the lateral nail fold and the tissue becomes inflamed. Right: an orthonyxia brace lifts the edges so the nail grows out in a controlled way. · Illustration: Hottinger Podologie
Common causes
  • Nail corners cut too short or too round
  • Tight footwear pressing the toes together
  • Naturally curved nails (pincer nails)
  • Pressure from sport, sweating, a moist environment
What you can do yourself

Early stage: lukewarm soap baths, keep the area dry, wear roomy shoes. Cut nails straight and only slightly soften the corners, never cut them out. Important: no self-surgery; it almost always makes the inflammation worse.

When to see a podiatrist

As soon as the area stays red, swollen or purulent for more than a few days, or the problem keeps returning. In the practice we gently relieve the edge, treat the inflammation and assess whether a corrective nail brace (orthonyxia) makes sense. It guides nail growth over a few months, and in many cases surgery is avoided altogether. With diabetes: please come early.

Did you know?

The orthonyxia brace works like a dental brace for the nail: a small, constant force over months instead of a single procedure.

Common questions
Does the treatment hurt?
We work gently and with fine instruments; the relief is usually felt immediately.
How long is a nail brace worn?
Depending on findings, a few months. The brace hardly interferes with daily life; showering and sport are fine, and it is adjusted periodically.
Related terms
Sources & further reading
Hottinger Podologie · Zurich

Concerns about your feet, skin or nails?

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AW
Angelika WinklbauerPodiatry & medical foot care
This entry provides general information and does not replace an individual examination.